Marine Conservation Biology - Hawaii
Conserving Marine Biodiversity in the World’s Most Remote Island Chain
February 2, 2007 at 5:21 pm · Filed under Protected Species and Longlines, Notices and Updates, Native Hawaiian Perspectives, Spam
Yesterday morning we saw fishery management in action. Before we had the fun of seeing breaching humpback whales, we were regaled to the sights, sounds, and tastes of fishery management. WesPac (The Western Pacific Fishery Management Council) was holding a Marine Mammal Advisory Committee 
meeting. It was here where we met again some familiar friendly faces from the week and listened to the issues regarding the interactions between false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and pelagic longline fisheries.
The meeting didn't begin until the usual informal re-introductions were made. At the same time, all the participants found themselves muffins and coffee. The coffee seemed to be Kona coffee and in keeping with Hawaii standards was quite good. Unfortunately, Hawaiian steak (aka SPAM) was not present. I, like Justin before me, recognize the validity of SPAM and was a bit disappointed by the absence of rice and SPAM.
The first topic on the docket was to review the recommendations made from their previous meeting in May. The second was a short summary by Chris Yates regarding the Pacific Scientific Review Group (SRG). Next, Lisa Van Atta discussed some of the various mitigation measures. Our very own Andy Read then talked about the situation in the Atlantic between pilot whales and pelagic longline fisheries. Lastly before lunch, Dave Johnston discussed some findings based on an experimental longline vessel research trip.
The major realization from the Committee meeting was the efficiency of the moderator, Paul Dalzell, and the degree of questions asked by the Committee. At the end of each presentation, the moderator quickly maneuvered with alacrity between the many questioners.
The issue with false killer whales are that they are smart animals who have figured out that free lunches are obtainable from following longline vessels and either eating the bait or the fish (that ate the bait) off the hooks. This behavior (depredation of hooks) impacts both the whales and the fishery. The whales potentially can be mortally hooked or entangled by line and fishers loose (among other things) the money associated with the lost catch.
It was great to see some of the people we had met earlier in the week. Of the people we heard and saw again, these are a few of my observations from the meeting. Sean Martin identified the ways in which working with fishers could yield possible solutions to the issue. Lisa Van Atta and Andy discussed some solutions and ideas from the Atlantic fisheries. Lastly, Dave spoke about some of the possibilities of acoustics research and the limiting of bait discards. Although we did not stay for the afternoon portion of the Committee meeting, it was clear that not enough definitive answers were available and some more on-the-boat research and experimentation will be needed next. In the meantime, the Committee and WesPac are on a trajectory to find solutions to the false killer whale issues.
After the committee broke for lunch, we met for half an hour with Kitty Simonds. Ms. Simonds is the executive director of WesPac. Given the importance of WesPac on marine issues and conservation in the Pacific it was great to meet up with her. She was very friendly and was very enthusiastic about the shift to ecosystem-based management of ocean ecosystems. Further, she spoke about the positives of working with native Hawaiians and the benefits of an Ahupua'a management system of marine resources. (See Jen's post on the 29th to revisit our meeting with the DaMates.) Although WesPac has in the past been a lightning rod for criticism, they are clearly attempting to do proactive work on many issues.
The next stop for us was Hawaiian plate lunches, quality coffee, and (for some) SPAM… ~Michael
February 2, 2007 at 2:17 am · Filed under Ship strikes and Whales, Protected Species and Longlines, Spam
While there were no sightings of Justin eating SPAM today, we had an exciting afternoon filled with sightings of a different sort. After lunch we piled into our favorite van and headed to the Makapu'u Lighthouse Trail with hopes of seeing humpback whales. Not only did we 
want to see whales, but we had our hopes set on seeing a whale breach (jump out of the water). Hiking up the winding trail, we were treated to gorgeous views of the steep mountains plunging into the vast Pacific Ocean.
Just a few minutes into our hike, two whales revealed themselves with their white puffs of breath that hovered momentarily above the calm water far below. We watched them for several minutes waiting to see if they would breach, but they didn't. So we continued hiking up the trail, periodically scanning the horizon for signs of whales. The trail ended at a fenced concrete platform perched on top of the mountain that gave us a spectacular, nearly 360-degree view of the neighboring mountains, bays, and islands. We also had a great view of the large rain cloud that was headed right toward us.
Ignoring the looming cloud, we spotted 3 or 4 whales nearby, including a mother and calf pair. We followed their movements carefully, hoping they would give us the performance we came to see. The rain came, but we stood undeterred on our perch and let the rain soak through our not-so-waterproof jackets. 
Finally, the rain let up, and we saw one of the whales coming to the surface. But, instead of the white puff of its breath, the whale launched its bulky body almost entirely out of the water. It was an incredible and very exciting sight to see. I've wanted to see a whale breach for a long time, and I was really hoping I'd have the chance to see it on this trip. I think we were all very excited to see such an amazing event. The excitement didn't stop there; all of the whales we had been watching began to breach, some of them multiple times. Later, after we'd hiked back down to the van and driven to a nearby beach to swim, we watched from the beach as the whales gave us another spectacular show.
We were all so excited about seeing a whale breach that we were moved to write a haiku about it. Enjoy!
The whale said to me
Hello world, here's my body.
Mahalo, I said
-Kelly
February 1, 2007 at 3:52 am · Filed under Monk Seals, Marine Mammals and Ecotourism, Ship strikes and Whales, Spam
Since so many of us start our day off with spam, well, actually, just Justin, I felt it would only be proper to also start my blog with a fun filled SPAM fact. In the category of did you know: Residents of a Hawai’i eat an average of four cans of SPAM per person per year, more than any other place on Earth. Onto the rest of our day…
We started the morning like so many mornings before, clamoring into our beloved van and heading out for the day. This morning we headed downtown to talk with Chris Yates and Lisa Van Atta from the NMFS Pacific Islands Regional Office. Chris and Lisa have the unique jobs of implementing the management and legal side of conservation biology. We first talked about some of the concerns regarding the proposed Superferry. The Superferry is a large (105 m) high speed, around 25-35 knots, ferry 
that will facilitate inter-island transport. The proposed routes will take the Superferry right through the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, posing a threat to the many humpback whales that migrate every year to Hawaii to breed. The recommended speed to avoid and mitigate ship strikes is 13 knots. Although it would seem that humpbacks would be seemingly invincible from many threats, they, especially juveniles, are susceptible to ship strikes. If a ship going such high speeds were to hit a whale, the results would likely be catastrophic. How real is this problem? A similar ferry, made by the same ship builders, runs in the Canary Islands and has struck and killed sperm whales in the past, leaving very graphic image of dead whales.
Humpback whales are protected under a variety of laws: The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and the National Marine Sanctuaries Act. Both the MMPA and the ESA prohibit the ‘taking’ of a marine mammal or listed species. ‘Taking’ includes killing the whale, but it also includes harassing the animal. The Superferry has not completed an Environmental Impact Statement which would detail the environmental impacts of the ferry to both whales and other species, nor have they consulted with NOAA regarding the ESA. Unfortunately, right now it is a bit of a waiting game to see what will happen next.
However, when it comes to protecting Spinner Dolphins, NOAA is trying to prevent harassment before it really starts. Spinner Dolphins, so named for their interesting acrobatics, feed in the deeper waters off the islands during the night, and then use protected coves and bays during the day to rest. It is during this resting period that these dolphins are exposed to human interaction. Many people are fascinated by dolphins and want to experience them up close and personal. Often there are many people in the water in and around the dolphins while they are trying to rest. It is probably the equivalent of people standing in your bedroom while you are sleeping and talking loudly, telling you how cute you are, and trying to pet you. It is unlikely you would feel very rested in the morning. While the exact impacts of these interactions are unknown, NOAA is trying to protect the dolphins while balancing the desires of people to interact with these animals. And, these are just a few of the issues facing Chris and Lisa. Not an easy job, but definitely an essential aspect of marine mammal conservation.
After thanking Chris and Lisa we hopped back in the van and were off to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument Office to talk with Jason Baker about Monk Seals. An interesting note: Within the offices for the monument are photos from the book Archipelago: Portraits of Life in the World’s Most Remote Island Sanctuary by David
Littschwager. These photos are some of the most amazing marine photos I have ever seen. It is really neat to be able to see them blown up larger than life, and gives us a since of the place. It also does not hurt that the first image you see when you get off the elevator is a monk seal, which is what I was originally talking about. The monk seals, like many of the marine mammals that we have talked about, present a unique conservation issue. Within the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, an area with less than 100 humans, the monk seals are not doing very well. But, in the Main Hawaiian Islands with over a million people and countless interactions with humans, they are fat and happy. Jason spoke with us regarding much of the new scientific information regarding monk seals distribution and threats. Not only are monk seals facing threats such as fishing gear, and lack of food, but they are also facing threats from global climate change. As sea level rises it will decrease the amount of land available for the seals to haul out. It is remarkable that even in such a remote place, the impacts from humans can be felt.
Our day was not yet over as we once again we piled back into the van and headed back downtown again to meet 
with Paul Achitoff, an attorney for Earthjustice. All too often in conservation litigation is a necessary tool to enforce and implement the law. Yesterday we talked to Sean Martin regarding conservation measures the longline fishery is using to prevent bycatch. It was the lawsuit from Earthjustice and Paul that pushed fisherman to find ways to minimize bycatch and greatly reduced the numbers of turtles taken in this fishery. Although often unpopular, litigation is just one of the many tools used in conservation.
At the end of the day we all headed back to the van, but decided to take the bus instead.
Tomorrow: more SPAM and more Van.
Aloha,
Ellen
January 31, 2007 at 9:21 pm · Filed under Notices and Updates, Spam
We learned another important lesson today. This one had nothing to do with marine conservation, but instead reminded us to read parking signs more carefully. It was more than a little disconcerting to come out of the Earthjustice office this afternoon to find that our van had vaporized. Fortunately, we were able to retrieve it, although it took the monetary equivalent of a couple of cases of spam to repossess the big white vehicle. All is well that ends well…
Andy
January 31, 2007 at 1:58 am · Filed under Monk Seals, Ship strikes and Whales, Protected Species and Longlines, Spam
Before I start I'd like to say a few words about Spam: It is a delicious tender meat that is under-appreciated and often overlooked. Known as "Hawaiian steak" it is near and dear to my diet as it is for many locals living in these islands. Please, give this sweet cube of succulence a tasteful chance.
Going back to our trip: After we toured the fish auction we ate breakfast. This time my cravings did not call for Spam, however, I had a very tasty or "ono" plate of loco moco - another local treat. Our bellies full, we 
ventured towards Ka'ena point on the Northwest coast of Oahu (close to where Lost is filmed) in search of monk seals and albatrosses. However, before we even began our 2 mile hike to the point, I was priviliged to see an amazing event. As soon as we had parked the van at the trailhead I looked out the window and in the far distance beyond the 20 foot waves I witnessed a humpback whale breaching. I called out, "Whale!" which instantly caused a flurry of activity amongst my fellow adventurers. Everyone cast their gaze towards the Pacific in hopes to catch a glimpse of the animal. However, it had already submerged and only a foamy white patch on a rolling blue ocean spoke of its presence. Everyone rushed out of the van to see if it would breach again and indeed it did once more. After watching for a few more minutes we did not see anymore whales and started off in earnest towards Ka'ena point. Two NOAA empolyees active in Monk seal conservation, Charles and Tracy, led the way down a very muddy path - a result from the previous night's precipitation. We zigzagged our way through the mud, hoping to find dry spots to plant our steps. To our left sharp jagged cliffs set a scene of terrifying beauty. On our right huge 20-25 foot goliath waves fiercely proclaimed their presence with thunderours roars. I think I could have enjoyed the experience more had I not been concentrating so intently on the 5 lbs of mud sticking to my shoes.
Three quarters into the hike the trail became kinder and we were able to walk on solid ground. Shortly thereafter, another creature was spotted… a Laysan Albatross abiding in its nest. The great bird looked at us unconcerned while we took pictures of it from many different angles. It was the first time I had ever seen an Albatross and the sight of it made me smile.
Not far from the the Albatross we saw what we had primarily come to see, the Hawaiian monk seal. Located safely out of reach from the violent sea that surrounded them, two monk seals (a female and male) were laying out approximately thirty feet away from us. Despite being known as being very inactive and lazy while on shore these two seals shifted their bodies, looked up at us and snorted a few times. True, not a whole lot of action, however, more than what I was expecting. This was also another first for me. Both seals looked so peaceful laying there on the warm sand while the sea stirred angrily around them and I felt a calm in my own spirit while I watched. However, this calm was soon replaced by urgency to return to the van as a rainstorm quickly approached us.
Back we went through the field of mud. And as it rained I had to laugh, because even though I was soaked and had instantly grown 3 inches with the help of some mud, I was having fun. When I finally reached the van I exchanged a nod with Andy and could tell he was enjoying himself as well. We all left muddy and wet, but happy and satisified with what we saw.
aloha,
Justin
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meeting. It was here where we met again some familiar friendly faces from the week and listened to the issues regarding the interactions between false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and pelagic longline fisheries.
